Study of Digital Transformation of the Automotive Industry and the Security of Communication Protocols

Abstract

The automotive industry's rapid digital transformation has led to modern vehicles being fitted with advanced communication networks, intelligent control systems and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. While these developments enable seamless connectivity, autonomous functionalities and enhanced user experience, they also introduce new cybersecurity challenges. This paper analyses the evolution of in-vehicle communication protocols, such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay and Automotive Ethernet, emphasizing their role in facilitating data exchange between electronic control units (ECUs). Particular focus is placed on identifying potential security vulnerabilities arising from limitations in protocol design and inadequate authentication or encryption mechanisms. Furthermore, the study explores contemporary approaches to securing automotive communication, including message authentication, intrusion detection systems, and cryptographic solutions. The aim is to emphasize the importance of incorporating cybersecurity principles into the architecture of connected and autonomous vehicles, ensuring reliability, safety and data integrity in the digital mobility era.